<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">I think Jane makes a good point. In our work analyzing “energy poverty” in Africa and Asia, we see that one of the first things people use electricity for is television. But that’s a stepping stone to developing energy infrastructure capable of supporting “productive use” in industry, agriculture, etc.<div class="">db</div><div class=""><br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Mar 2, 2018, at 10:46 AM, Jane Coffin <<a href="mailto:coffin@isoc.org" class="">coffin@isoc.org</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">Hi All –<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">May I play devil’s advocate. I am not from NM (but love it there). I come from a rural coastal town in Maine. Local uptake can often start out with entertainment, and shift once the network is better and/or the community realizes the value-add. Note that we see this all over the world, and that entertainment content has been driving network infrastructure development in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, LAC, etc. I take your point on subsidization, but think there is a good reason for public network infrastructure dev. Why not subsidize the preliminary FTTH deployments with a long-range plan for community pay-back or just see it as worthwhile socio-economic dev? We build and maintain roads at the State and local level…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">2/ With you. We helped a project in rural South Africa purchase a mast (cost was $2,600.00). They were quoted a monthly rental of $2,600.00 on an existing mast. With the mast purchase, they expanded coverage and were able to shift to a hybrid not-for-profit/profit WISP.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">Best,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">Jane<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">Internet Society |<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">www.internetsociety.org</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">Skype: janercoffin<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class="">Mobile/WhatsApp: +1.202.247.8429</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">From:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">1st-mile-nm <<a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm-bounces@mailman.dcn.org" class="">1st-mile-nm-bounces@mailman.dcn.org</a>> on behalf of John Badal <<a href="mailto:JBadal@sacred-wind.com" class="">JBadal@sacred-wind.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Date:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Friday, March 2, 2018 at 12:33 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Steve Ross <<a href="mailto:editorsteve@gmail.com" class="">editorsteve@gmail.com</a>>, Christopher Mitchell <<a href="mailto:christopher@ilsr.org" class="">christopher@ilsr.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Cc:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard Lowenberg <<a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" class="">rl@1st-mile.org</a>>, 1st-Mile-NM <<a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</a>>, "<a href="mailto:masha@bbcmag.com" class="">masha@bbcmag.com</a>" <<a href="mailto:masha@bbcmag.com" class="">masha@bbcmag.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Re: [1st-mile-nm] IEEE: 5G is in Danger of Being Oversold<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a name="_MailOriginalBody" class="">Steve & Christopher,<o:p class=""></o:p></a></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">This has been a good discussion. I agree that anyone daring or committed enough to provide broadband in rural areas deserves praise. My primary concern about FTTH in high cost areas is actually twofold: 1) the added investment of new FTTH networks, especially using public grant money, is a wasteful use of public funds in light of the fact that the vast majority of bandwidth is being used for entertainment, not for academic or job enhancing information. A business case for unsubsidized FTTH systems in rural areas is hard to find. And 2) where the owner of the only utility poles in town decides to provide broadband services in competition with those that are attached to its poles, abuse of monopoly power is not only possible, but is actually in practice. I would love to see more partnerships – private and public/private – for the purpose of expanding rural broadband. What we’ve experienced instead is an arrogant abuse of power.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">John<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><b class="">From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Steve Ross [<a href="mailto:editorsteve@gmail.com" class="">mailto:editorsteve@gmail.com</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thursday, March 1, 2018 3:42 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Christopher Mitchell <<a href="mailto:christopher@ilsr.org" class="">christopher@ilsr.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>John Badal <<a href="mailto:JBadal@sacred-wind.com" class="">JBadal@sacred-wind.com</a>>; 1st-Mile-NM <<a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</a>>; <a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" class="">rl@1st-mile.org</a>; <a href="mailto:masha@bbcmag.com" class="">masha@bbcmag.com</a><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [1st-mile-nm] IEEE: 5G is in Danger of Being Oversold<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">BTW, one person's cross-subsidy is another's avoiding stranded costs. Rural counties are losing on average more than 1/4% of their population a year. A coop or tier3 LEC sees survival as a better alternative. I have shown that a quarter to half of all rural job loss is due to lack of broadband access. It is by far the BIGGEST source of rural job loss.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">I really have a lot of respect and admiration for any broadband deployers, including the national carriers. But when they can't make a business case for serving an area they should $%^&% get out of the way of others who think they might be able to. Instead they buy politicians. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br clear="all" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><br class=""><br class="">Steve Ross<br class="">Editor-at-Large, Broadband Communities Magazine (</span><a href="http://www.bbcmag.com/" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">www.bbcmag.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">)<br class="">201-456-5933 mobile<br class="">707-WOW-SSR3 (707-969-7773) Google Voice<br class="">editorsteve (Facebook, LinkedIn)<br class="">editorsteve1 (Twitter)<br class=""></span><a href="mailto:steve@bbcmag.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">steve@bbcmag.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""></span><a href="mailto:editorsteve@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">editorsteve@gmail.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">On Thu, Mar 1, 2018 at 5:34 PM, Steve Ross <</span><a href="mailto:editorsteve@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">editorsteve@gmail.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Chris is absolutely right, but making it happen is not as easy. Few electric coops have been willing to take the risk -- and Chris and I and others do a lot of missionary work. More than half of all new MDUs are not FTTH even though fiber is CHEAPER in that case.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">We can generally show that fiber can work at about 8 premises per mile taking the service... even less if pole attachment rights are not held hostage. But we don't know how revenue will flow from driverless vehicles to network deployers yet, and Washington is not paying any attention.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br clear="all" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><br class=""><br class="">Steve Ross<br class="">Editor-at-Large, Broadband Communities Magazine (</span><a href="http://www.bbcmag.com/" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">www.bbcmag.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">)<br class=""></span><a href="tel:(201)%20456-5933" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">201-456-5933</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>mobile<br class="">707-WOW-SSR3<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="tel:(707)%20969-7773" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">(707-969-7773</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">) Google Voice<br class="">editorsteve (Facebook, LinkedIn)<br class="">editorsteve1 (Twitter)<br class=""></span><a href="mailto:steve@bbcmag.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">steve@bbcmag.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""></span><a href="mailto:editorsteve@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">editorsteve@gmail.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">On Thu, Mar 1, 2018 at 4:50 PM, Christopher Mitchell <</span><a href="mailto:christopher@ilsr.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">christopher@ilsr.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Any place that has electricity, especially those served by co-ops could get fiber ultimately. It may take a well-designed grant program, but it can be done far more efficiently than any of the universal service programs in operation today. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Google decided to focus on dominating AI and driverless cars and such rather than deployment. There is no evidence that they were losing money, rather anyone that understands how such businesses make decisions should be aware that while there are fiber models that are profitable, they may not offer the return that some in Google were expecting. That's fine. the small ISPs I see building fiber steadily year after year are profitable. They aren't going to buy NFL stadium sponsorships, but they are providing a service that is desperately desired and they are making a good return. Google will focus on dominating the future of AI and driverless cars and who knows what. They have a different calculus. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">The vast majority of North Dakota has FTTH. I believe it is the 4th most sparsely populated state in the union. But it is very easy to simply ignore the evidence and pretend that it just can't be done. We have documented where rural fiber is available, and it is far more than most realize.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""></span><a href="https://muninetworks.org/content/rural-cooperatives-page" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">https://muninetworks.org/content/rural-cooperatives-page</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br clear="all" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">Christopher Mitchell<br class="">Director, Community Broadband Networks<br class="">Institute for Local Self-Reliance</span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class=""><br class=""></span></span><a href="http://www.muninetworks.org/" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">MuniNetworks.org</span></span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">@communitynets</span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""></span><a href="tel:(612)%20545-5185" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">612-545-5185</span></span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">On Thu, Mar 1, 2018 at 7:36 AM, John Badal <</span><a href="mailto:JBadal@sacred-wind.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">JBadal@sacred-wind.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Business case? Even the well heeled Google has rethought its FTTH plans in urban areas far more densely populated than NM’s rural areas. The sizzle got ahead of the steak.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">John<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><b class="">From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Christopher Mitchell [mailto:</span><a href="mailto:christopher@ilsr.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">christopher@ilsr.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thursday, March 1, 2018 8:32 AM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>John Badal <</span><a href="mailto:JBadal@sacred-wind.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">JBadal@sacred-wind.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="mailto:masha@bbcmag.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">masha@bbcmag.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">; Doug Orr <</span><a href="mailto:doug.orr@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">doug.orr@gmail.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">>;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">rl@1st-mile.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">; 1st-Mile-NM <</span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [1st-mile-nm] IEEE: 5G is in Danger of Being Oversold<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">The point of a gig is not to use all of it anymore than the point of a highway is to experiment with the maximum number of cars you can put on it.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">The point of a gig is abundance - sure 452 Mbps would probably do that too, but a gig resonates and is a standard. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">It would be difficult for me to use all of the electricity that can flow into my house - but we overprovision certain kinds of infrastructure when that can unlock additional value. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">And finally, if we assume that communities will still need high quality Internet access in 30 years, everyone I talk to that does both fiber and wireless says that while fiber is more expensive on the front end, the much lower operating and future upgrade costs ultimately make it MORE cost effective than wireless over a period of decades. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">There are many legitimate reasons for people in rural areas to "cry" for better connectivity even if they have the same number of gigabit applications as we do cars that are 5 lanes wide. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br clear="all" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">Christopher Mitchell<br class="">Director, Community Broadband Networks<br class="">Institute for Local Self-Reliance</span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class=""><br class=""></span></span><a href="http://www.muninetworks.org/" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">MuniNetworks.org</span></span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">@communitynets</span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""></span><a href="tel:(612)%20545-5185" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;" class="">612-545-5185</span></span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">On Wed, Feb 28, 2018 at 4:48 PM, John Badal <</span><a href="mailto:JBadal@sacred-wind.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">JBadal@sacred-wind.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">5G has the same sexy appeal to the uniformed as fiber to the home. Rural communities are crying for both, afraid they’d fall deeper into the digital divide, but unaware that the vast majority of consumers could never use gigabit speeds outside of recreating in the home Star Trek-like virtual reality holodecks. What makes much more sense to me is for Albuquerque to build 20-lane highways and 10-lane boulevards throughout the city to eliminate any congestion during rush hours, along with robotic car removal systems to dispense with cars damaged in an accident. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">John<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><b class="">From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1st-mile-nm [mailto:</span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm-bounces@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">1st-mile-nm-bounces@mailman.dcn.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Masha Zager<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday, February 28, 2018 5:30 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>'Doug Orr' <</span><a href="mailto:doug.orr@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">doug.orr@gmail.com</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">>;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">rl@1st-mile.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>'1st-Mile-NM' <</span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [1st-mile-nm] IEEE: 5G is in Danger of Being Oversold<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">It’s not. See this:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.bbcmag.com/2017mags/Mar_Apr/BBC_Mar17_5GNotAnswer.pdf" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">http://www.bbcmag.com/2017mags/Mar_Apr/BBC_Mar17_5GNotAnswer.pdf</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><b class=""><span style="color: rgb(23, 54, 93);" class="">Masha Zager<br class=""></span></b><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Editor-in-Chief, Broadband Communities<br class=""></span></span><a href="mailto:masha@bbcmag.com" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-decoration: none;" class="">masha@bbcmag.com</span></span></a><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><br class=""></span></span><a href="tel:(518)%20943-0374" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">518-943-0374</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><br class=""></span></span><a href="http://www.bbcmag.com/" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-decoration: none;" class="">www.bbcmag.com</span></span></a><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><br class=""></span></span><a href="http://www.twitter.com/bbcmag" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">www.twitter.com/bbcmag</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b></span><span class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1st-mile-nm [</span></span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm-bounces@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">mailto:1st-mile-nm-bounces@mailman.dcn.org</span></span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Doug Orr<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday, February 28, 2018 7:16 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">rl@1st-mile.org</span></span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1st-Mile-NM<br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [1st-mile-nm] IEEE: 5G is in Danger of Being Oversold</span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">I'm unclear as to why 5g fixed is going to be cheaper to deploy than fiber. If the state charges $250/antenna... that buys a lot of hardwired installer time. And the antennas need backhaul, presumably, so lighting up a neighborhood in anticipation of new customer uptake... that seems a lot like upgrading infrastructure that would be needed if the idea is to offer faster aggregate speeds. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">What's the model here?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Does anyone know of real world benchmarks for 5G applications (e.g., netflix)?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> Doug<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">On Wed, Feb 28, 2018 at 1:47 PM Richard Lowenberg <</span><a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">rl@1st-mile.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class="">> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class="" type="cite"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Following on recent postings. RL<br class=""><br class="">-------<br class=""><br class="">Commercial service is years away, but even then, 5G won’t fulfill all of<br class="">its promises<br class=""><br class=""></span><a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/5g-is-in-danger-of-being-oversold" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/5g-is-in-danger-of-being-oversold</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""><br class="">By Stacey Higginbotham<br class=""><br class="">Just like graphene or Elon Musk’s startups, 5G has become a technology<br class="">savior. Proponents tout the poorly defined wireless technology as the<br class="">path to virtual reality, telemedicine, and self-</span><span class=""><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""></span>driving cars.<br class=""><br class="">But 5G is not a technology—it’s a buzzword unleashed by marketing<br class="">departments. As early as 2012, Broadcom was using it to sell Wi-Fi. In<br class="">reality, 5G is a term that telecommunications investors and executives<br class="">sling around as the solution to high infrastructure costs, the need for<br class="">more bandwidth, and a desire to boost margins.<br class=""><br class="">The unifying component behind 5G is faster wireless broadband service. A<br class="">more stringent—and practical—definition is the use of high-frequency<br class="">millimeter waves (in addition to the microwaves that 4G LTE relies on<br class="">today) to deliver over-the-air broadband to phones or homes.<br class=""><br class="">If you’re talking about phones, 5G is still years away. And new services<br class="">aren’t really on the menu. Just listen to the heads of several<br class="">telecommunications companies, who have begun to tamp down investors’<br class="">expectations around what 5G can deliver.<br class=""><br class="">(snip)<br class=""><br class=""><br class="">---------------------------------------------------------------<br class="">Richard Lowenberg, Executive Director<br class="">1st-Mile Institute </span><a href="tel:(505)%20603-5200" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">505-603-5200</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class="">Box 8001, Santa Fe, NM 87504,<br class=""></span><a href="mailto:rl@1st-mile.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">rl@1st-mile.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""> </span><a href="http://www.1st-mile.org/" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">www.1st-mile.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class="">---------------------------------------------------------------<br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">1st-mile-nm mailing list<br class=""></span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""></span><a href="http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">1st-mile-nm mailing list<br class=""></span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""></span><a href="http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">1st-mile-nm mailing list<br class=""></span><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><br class=""></span><a href="http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span class="">http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm</span><span class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><span style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">1st-mile-nm mailing list</span><br style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""><a href="mailto:1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org" class="">1st-mile-nm@mailman.dcn.org</a></span><br style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""><a href="http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm" class="">http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/1st-mile-nm</a></span></div></blockquote></div><br class=""><div class="">
<div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">David Breecker,</div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">President</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><span><img apple-inline="yes" id="577648B3-1B7C-444F-A3E4-4A7DCFB8BD06" src="cid:8A267772-F40A-46DC-B764-34AFA932ED45" class=""></span><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><b class=""><font color="#0433ff" class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">David Breecker Associates</font></b></div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><b class=""><font color="#0433ff" class=""><a href="http://www.breeckerassociates.com" class="">www.breeckerassociates.com</a></font></b></div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal;">Santa Fe Office: 505-690-2335</div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal;">Abiquiu Office: 505-685-4891</div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal;">Skype: dbreecker</div></div>
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