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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2> Below are some responses to my request for
information on Ceratomyxa shasta. High temperatures seem to cause the
parasite to overcome fish.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2> </DIV></FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><A
href="mailto:phiggins@humboldt1.com">phiggins@humboldt1.com</A> wrote:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Hi Tom,<BR><BR>Surfed KRIS web (<A href="http://www.krisweb.com/"
eudora="autourl">www.krisweb.com</A>) for C. shasta literature and came up with
a couple: <BR><BR>Scott Foott's paper on the 1995 out migrant mortality:
<BR><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times"><A
href="klamath_usfws_foott_1995_springercshastamemo.htm">Foott, J. S. 1995.</A>
Preliminary results of Spring 1995 Klamath River chinook smolt study (95-FP-01),
Iron Gate Hatchery June release group. Unpublished memo. US Fish and Wildlife
Service. CA-NV Fish Health Center. Anderson, CA. 6 pp. [75kb]** <BR></FONT>is at
<A
href="http://www.krisweb.com/biblio/klamath_usfws_foott_1995_springercshastamemo.pdf"
eudora="autourl">http://www.krisweb.com/biblio/klamath_usfws_foott_1995_springercshastamemo.pdf</A>.<BR><BR>More
recent is: <A href="klamath_usfws_foottetal_2003_cerat.htm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman, Times">Foott J.S., R. Harmon, and R. Stone. 2003.</A>
FY2002 Investigational Report: Ceratomyxosis resistance in juvenile chinook
salmon and steelhead trout from the Klamath River. U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, California- Nevada Fish Health Center. Anderson, CA. 25 pp. [825kb]
<BR></FONT>is at <A
href="http://www.krisweb.com/biblio/klamath_usfws_foottetal_2003_cerat.pdf"
eudora="autourl">http://www.krisweb.com/biblio/klamath_usfws_foottetal_2003_cerat.pdf</A>.<BR><BR>If
you go to the KRIS web home page and type ceratomyxa into the search it pops
several others. <BR><BR>C. shasta has part of its life cycle in marsh areas of
the Klamath and can manifest itself in wet years. Studies of Klamath River
salmonids indicate all have C. shasta resistance. Attempts to supplant Klamath
River steelhead with larger Cowlitz River strain in the 1960's was thwarted
immediately by a lack of resistance to C.shasta. Studies of Oregon Klamath Basin
wild trout populations found only a small cut-off rainbow trout population in
upper Jenny Creek (above Iron Gate) was non-C. shasta resistant. Trinity fish
need to be somewhat resistant because they encounter C. shasta in the lower
Klamath. <BR><BR>Fish health depends a great deal on water quality, because
disease organisms are omnipresent. When fish become stressed by high
temperature, dissolved ammonia, crowding or a combination of water quality
problems, then it sets up conditions for epidemics. And they are not
uncommon on the mainstem Klamath in recent years. <BR><BR>More Later,<BR><BR>Pat
Higgins<BR>KRIS Project Field Coordinator<BR>791 Eighth Street, Suite
N<BR>Arcata, CA 95521<BR>(707) 822-9428<BR><BR>Don't forget that CD's of
Klamath-Trinity KRIS are available by calling Kelly Sheen or Eric Flickwir at
the Trinity RCD at (530) 623-6004. <BR><BR>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><A
href="mailto:Charles_Chamberlain@r1.fws.gov">Charles_Chamberlain@r1.fws.gov</A> wrote:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>RE: C
Shasta in the Trinity<BR>Adults returning to the Trinity are infected in the
Klamath. But the<BR>parasite is not passed fish-to-fish and C. Shasta has
not been detected in<BR>Trinity River juveniles until they enter the Klamath on
their way to the<BR>estuary. It's speculated that Trinity River might not
have the<BR>intermediate host, a polychaete
worm.<BR>Charlie</FONT><BR></FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><A
href="mailto:ashbaugh@ucdavis.edu">ashbaugh@ucdavis.edu</A> wrote:
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Tom,<BR><BR>I also found some references. One of these is the same as one
found by Gary Thompson and Steve Towers. The google search turned up over 600
references. These two looked interesting:<BR><FONT size=3><A
href="http://www.pacificorp.com/File/File19355.pdf"
eudora="autourl">http://www.pacificorp.com/File/File19355.pdf</A><BR><A
href="http://www.pacificorp.com/File/File35474.pdf"
eudora="autourl">http://www.pacificorp.com/File/File35474.pdf</A><BR><BR>Lowell<BR><X-SIGSEP>
<P></X-SIGSEP>------------------------------------------------------<BR>Lowell
L. Ashbaugh<BR>677 Equador Place<BR>Davis, CA 95616<BR>(530) 758-6722<BR>(530)
752-2848 (work)<BR><A href="http://trc.ucdavis.edu/ashbaugh/"
eudora="autourl">http://</A>trc.ucdavis.edu/ashbaugh<A
href="http://trc.ucdavis.edu/ashbaugh/" eudora="autourl">/</A></FONT>
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