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<h1 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><font size=4 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Cold water rings dinner bell for
West Coast salmon<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<h1 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><font size=4 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>The Associated Press –
9/10/08<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<p class=hn-byline style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><font size=4
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>By
JEFF BARNARD<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=hn-byline style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>A federal oceanographer says a flip-flop in
atmospheric conditions is creating a feast for salmon and other sea life off
the West Coast, reversing a trend that contributed to a virtual shutdown of
West Coast salmon fishing this summer.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Bill Peterson of NOAA Fisheries in <st1:City w:st="on">Newport</st1:City>,
<st1:State w:st="on">Ore.</st1:State>, said Tuesday the change in cycle of an
atmospheric condition known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation last fall has
brought cold water flows from the <st1:place w:st="on">Gulf of Alaska</st1:place>,
which are carrying an abundance of tiny animals known as copepods that are the
foundation of the food chain.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>It's unknown how long the good times will last, but
Peterson said ocean surveys of chinook salmon in June found lots of yearling
juveniles, which should grow up to be plentiful stocks of adults by 2010. Coho
surveys start in a couple weeks.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Peterson said last spring that he expected the
rebound, and the confirmation of his expectations were reported by The
Oregonian.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>While the cycle used to last as long as 20 years, it
has lately taken about four years for conditions to change; but no one knows
for sure what the future will bring, Peterson added.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Ed Bowles, fisheries chief for the Oregon Department
of Fish and Wildlife, said salmon that spend most of their time in the ocean
close to the coast, such as fall chinook, coho and Willamette River spring
chinook, should reap the greatest benefits, but crab, ling cod, rockfish, sea
birds and other ocean life are rebounding as well.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Bowles was cautious in his assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>"Overall, we are seeing more years of poor ocean
conditions than we are good," he said. "This is a welcome respite in
what more typically has been discouraging news."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Bowles added that <st1:place w:st="on">Columbia River</st1:place>
salmon have also benefited from court-ordered increases in the water spilled
over hydroelectric dams, which speeds their migration downriver to the ocean
and increases the number that survive.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>The Pacific Decadal Oscillation switched last
November, developing into the most favorable conditions for West Coast
fisheries since 1999, which was the gateway to several good years for fish,
Peterson said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>The boost in copepods meant more food for baitfish,
such as sand lance and smelt, which are food for larger fish such as salmon.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>That changed in 2005, when starvation conditions
developed for young salmon migrating from their native streams to the ocean.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Three years later, there were so few adults that
federal authorities practically shut down commercial and sport fishing off
Oregon, Washington and California.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Federal authorities are investigating a variety of
factors that could have contributed to the collapse of salmon returns from <st1:State
w:st="on">British Columbia</st1:State> to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State
w:st="on">California</st1:State></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>One of the leading suspects is irrigation withdrawals
from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:State w:st="on">California</st1:State></st1:place>.
Salmon from the <st1:place w:st="on">Sacramento River</st1:place> saw some of
the sharpest declines, and a federal judge is working to reduce the harm on
young salmon from irrigation withdrawals from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.#<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><em><i><font size=3 color=gray
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>Byron
Leydecker</span></font></i></em></st1:PersonName><em><i><font color=gray
face="Times New Roman"><span style='color:gray'>, JCT, Chair</span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><i><font size=3 color=gray face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>Friends of <st1:place w:st="on">Trinity
River</st1:place></span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
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color=gray face="Times New Roman"><span style='color:gray'> 2327</span></font></i></em></st1:address><o:p></o:p></p>
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<st1:PostalCode w:st="on">94942-2327</st1:PostalCode></span></font></i></em></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>415 383 4810 </span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>415 519 4810 cell</span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="mailto:bwl3@comcast.net">bwl3@comcast.net</a></span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="mailto:bleydecker@stanfordalumni.org">bleydecker@stanfordalumni.org</a></span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="http://www.fotr.org">www.fotr.org</a> </span></font></i></em><o:p></o:p></p>
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