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<font face="Garamond" size=4>where I left that salmon fisheries vs. pen
rearing life cycle expert panel assessment in D.C two years ago, Frank,
the ocean fisheries were clearly shaping up, on a life cycle/ greenhouse
gas, etc level better than pen rearing<br><br>
I'll see if I can't scare up the final rpt, which I now realize I've not
seen, with Google<br><br>
Bill<br><br>
</font>At 04:57 PM 11/25/2009, frankemerson@redshift.com wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">Bill,<br><br>
My apologies for addressing you as Tom, not sure why I did that
sorry.<br><br>
Here is a better link to Alexandras' blog concerning BC salmon and
open<br>
net pens.<br><br>
<a href="http://www.google.com/gwt/n?u=http%3A%2F%2Falexandramorton.typepad.com%2F" eudora="autourl">
http://www.google.com/gwt/n?u=http%3A%2F%2Falexandramorton.typepad.com%2F</a>
<br><br>
Frank Emerson<br><br>
<br>
> Hello Tom,<br>
><br>
> In what way are Canadians and Europeans ahead of "us"
regarding open net<br>
> pen salmon rearing and salmon life cycles? What was the result
the<br>
> assessments?<br>
><br>
> The list of researchers on this "study: should be enough to
tell you it<br>
> was supported by the salmon farming industry.<br>
><br>
> "School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie
University,<br>
> Halifax, Nova Scotia, Sustainable Food Production, SIK - Swedish
Institute<br>
> for Food and Biotechnology, Gothenburg, Sweden, Knowledge
Systems,<br>
> Ecotrust, Portland, Oregon, and School of Food Engineering,
Pontificia<br>
> Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile"<br>
><br>
> Other than ecotrust they are all "food institutes" and
"food engineering<br>
> schools" in the heart of salmon farming regions of the world.
The<br>
> reference to land based production is the giveaway. Many scientists
in BC<br>
> are demanding that provincial govts require salmon pens to be
closed<br>
> contained pens, with effluent treatment to prevent the contamination
of<br>
> out migrating smolts with sea lice, as well as the pollution that
is<br>
> changing fjords near the pens.<br>
><br>
> I sincerely urge you to go to this scientists blog and read about
what is<br>
> happening in BC.<br>
><br>
>
<a href="http://howbadtherecord.blogspot.com/2009/08/new-blog-by-alexandra-morton.html" eudora="autourl">
http://howbadtherecord.blogspot.com/2009/08/new-blog-by-alexandra-morton.html</a>
<br>
><br>
> There are many "youtube" vids on Alexandras work in BS and
the Broughton<br>
> Archipelago also.<br>
><br>
>
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/cradel3" eudora="autourl">
http://www.youtube.com/user/cradel3</a><br>
><br>
>
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-e7Ma-mD7h0&feature=fvw" eudora="autourl">
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-e7Ma-mD7h0&feature=fvw</a><br>
><br>
> Thank you,<br>
><br>
> Frank Emerson<br>
> ACSF<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
>> <html><br>
>> <body><br>
>> <font face="Garamond" size=4>Two years ago I
served, together with<br>
> scientists from Canada and Europe, on a National Environmental<br>
>> Trust-hosted expert panel to conduct a life cycle assessment of
Pacific<br>
> salmon fisheries and of Pacific pen-rearing operations.
<br><br> It was an<br>
> eye-opening experience for me - the Europeans (and for that matter,
people<br>
> all over the planet) are way ahead of us in this kind of analysis
and in<br>
> applying life cycle assessment results to all kinds of consumer
choices<br>
> and government rule-making - '<u>way</u>
ahead<br><br> It will be a<br>
> delight to see this kind of thinking arrive, even slowly,<br>
> in<br>
>> the U.S<br><br><br>
>> Bill Kier<br><br><br>
>> </font> At 10:42 AM 11/25/2009, Sari Sommarstrom
wrote:<br><br><br>
> <blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">THE
COLUMBIA BASIN<br>
>> BULLETIN:<br><br>
>> Weekly Fish and Wildlife News<br><br>
>> <a href="http://www.cbbulletin.com/"
eudora="autourl"><br>
>>
<a href="http://www.cbbulletin.com/" eudora="autourl">
www.cbbulletin.com</a></a><br><br>
>> November 25, 2009<br><br>
>> Issue No. 510<br><br><br>
>> <br><br>
>> <font size=4><b>* Study Looks At Sustainable Salmon
Production, Says<br>
> Salmon Fisheries Low Global Scale Impact<br><br><br>
>> </b></font>Popular thinking about how to improve
food systems for the<br>
> better often misses the point, according to the results of a
three-year<br>
> global study of salmon production systems.<br><br><br>
>> Rather than pushing for organic or land-based production, or
worrying<br>
> about simple metrics such as "food miles," the
study finds that<br>
>> the world can achieve greater environmental benefits by focusing
on<br>
> improvements to key aspects of production and
distribution.<br><br> For<br>
> example, what farmed salmon are fed, how wild salmon are caught and
the<br>
> choice to buy frozen over fresh matters more than organic vs.<br>
> conventional or wild vs. farmed when considering global scale<br>
>> environmental impacts such as climate change, ozone depletion,
loss of<br>
> critical habitat, and ocean acidification.<br><br><br>
>> The study is the world's first comprehensive global-scale look
at a<br>
> major<br>
>> food commodity from a full life cycle perspective, and the
researchers<br>
> examined everything how salmon are caught in the wild, what
they're fed<br>
>> when farmed, how they're transported, how they're consumed, and
how all<br>
> of this contributes to both environmental degradation and
socioeconomic<br>
> benefits.<br><br><br>
>> The researchers behind the study sought to understand how the
world can<br>
> develop truly sustainable food systems through the lens of
understanding<br>
> the complexities associated with wild and farmed salmon
production,<br>
> processing and distribution. They found that decision-making for
food must<br>
> learn to fully account for the life cycle socioeconomic and<br>
> environmental costs of food production. How we weight the importance
of<br>
> such impacts is ultimately subjective and in the realm of policy
and<br>
> culture, but using a comprehensive approach provides a more
nuanced<br>
> process for informed decision-making. Even food has a lifecycle, and
the<br>
> world must learn to comprehend the full costs of it in order to
design<br>
> reliable, resilient food systems to feed a world population
that's<br>
> forecast to grow to 9 billion in less than 40
years.<br><br><br>
>> The researchers chose salmon as their focus as it exemplifies
important<br>
> characteristics of modern food systems, yet offers unique
opportunities<br>
> for comparison. It is available around the world at any time and in
any<br>
> location, regardless of season or local ecosystem, it is available
in<br>
> numerous product forms, and it is distributed using a variety
of<br>
> transport modes. Unlike many other food systems, however, it is<br>
> available<br>
>> from both wild sources and a range of farmed production
systems.<br>
> <br><br><br>
>> While it isn't easy to balance people, profit and planet, the
world must<br>
> do much better. Food production, in aggregate, is the single
largest<br>
> source of environmental degradation globally. Impacts vary
dramatically<br>
> depending on what, where and how food is produced.
<br><br><br>
>> For example, early results of the study found that growing
salmon in<br>
> land-based farms can increase total greenhouse gas emissions
ten-fold over<br>
> conventional farming depending on how and where the farming is<br>
> conducted.<br><br><br>
>> Similarly, while organic farming of many crops offers benefits
over<br>
> conventional production, organic salmon production gives rise to
impacts<br>
> very similar to conventional farming due to the use of resource<br>
> intensive<br>
>> fish meals and oils. Beyond the farm, it's important to also
consider<br>
> the<br>
>> total impact of food preparation. Driving to the store alone and
then<br>
> cooking alone at home has a big environmental impact. Going out to
dinner<br>
>> more, or just eating more frequently with friends and family at
home,<br>
> has<br>
>> huge benefit.<br><br><br>
>> For concerned consumers, it's important to think about how food
was<br>
> produced and transported not just where it was produced when
making<br>
> food choices.<br><br><br>
>> Initial Findings from the study:<br><br><br>
>> --- Fish should swim, not fly. Air-freighting salmon, and any
food,<br>
> results in substantial increases in environmental impacts. If more
frozen<br>
>> food were consumed, more container ships would be used to ship
food.<br>
> Container ships are by far the most efficient and carbon-friendly
way to<br>
> transport food. Globally, the majority of salmon fillets are
currently<br>
> consumed fresh and never frozen. In fish-loving Japan, which gets
much of<br>
>> its fish by air, switching to 75 percent frozen salmon would
have more<br>
> benefit than all of Europe eating locally farmed salmon.
<br><br>
>> --- The choice to buy frozen matters more than organic vs.
conventional<br>
> or wild vs. farmed. <br><br>
>> --- A full life cycle assessment approach to research provides a
more<br>
> nuanced process for informed decision-making. Even food has a
lifecycle,<br>
> and we must comprehend the full impact to make meaningful
improvements to<br>
>> food systems. Tradeoffs may be inevitable. <br><br>
>> --- Contrary to what is widely perceived, the vast majority
of<br>
>> broad-scale resource use and environmental impacts (energy
inputs, GHG<br>
> emissions, etc) from conventional salmon farming result from the
feeds<br>
> used to produce them. What happens at or around a farm site may
be<br>
> important for local ecological reasons but contributes very little
to<br>
> global scale concerns such as global warming. <br><br>
>> --- Across the globe, what is used to feed salmon and the
amounts of<br>
> feeds used vary widely. As a result, impacts are very
different.<br>
> Norwegian salmon farming resulted in generally lower overall impacts
while<br>
> farmed salmon production in the UK resulted in the greatest<br>
> impacts. <br><br>
>> --- Reducing the amount of animal-derived inputs to feeds (e.g.
fish<br>
> meals and oils along with livestock derived meals) in favor of<br>
>> plant-based feed inputs can markedly reduce environmental
impacts. <br><br>
> --- Growing organic salmon using fish meals and oils from very
resource<br>
> intensive fisheries results in impacts very similar to conventional
farmed<br>
> salmon production. <br><br><br>
>> If not planned carefully, technological fixes aimed at
addressing local<br>
> environmental challenges associated with conventional salmon farming
can<br>
> result in substantial increases in global-scale environmental<br>
>> impacts.<br><br><br>
>> In general, salmon fisheries result in relatively low
global-scale<br>
> environmental impacts. <br><br><br>
>> However, substantial differences exist between how salmon are
caught.<br>
> Catching salmon in large nets as they school together has one tenth
the<br>
> impact of catching them in small numbers using baited hooks and
lures.<br>
> <br><br><br>
>> Across salmon production systems and all food systems the
world is<br>
> often swimming against the tide. Instead of working with nature,
people<br>
> work against it, chasing fish in the open ocean with big diesel
engines or<br>
> substituting energy demanding pumping and water treatment for
free<br>
> ecosystem services in salmon farming. We can and must do better than
this<br>
>> and start to swim with the tide. <br><br><br>
>> The most recent published paper from the study can be seen in
the<br>
> journal<br>
>> Environmental Science & Technology:<br>
>> <a
href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es9010114"<br>
> eudora="autourl"><br>
>>
<a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es9010114" eudora="autourl">
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es9010114</a></a><br><br>
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http://www2.dcn.org/mailman/listinfo/env-trinity</a>
</a></blockquote><br>
> <x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep><br>
>> Kier Associates, <i>Fisheries and Watershed
Professionals<br><br>
>> </i>P.O. Box 915<br><br>
>> Blue Lake, CA 95525<br><br>
>> 707.668.1822 <br><br>
>> mobile: 498.7847 <br><br>
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</i>P.O. Box 915<br>
Blue Lake, CA 95525<br>
707.668.1822 <br>
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