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<h1><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Yurok Indians exult at return of
sacred cache<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=byline><span class=fn><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black'><a
href="mailto:pfimrite@sfchronicle.com">Peter Fimrite, Chronicle Staff Writer</a></span></span><span
style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=org><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black;
display:none'>San Francisco Chronicle</span></span><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
color:black'> <span class=updated><span style='display:none'>August 13, 2010
04:00 AM</span></span> <span style='display:none'>Copyright San Francisco
Chronicle. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast,
rewritten or redistributed.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=date><b><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black'>Friday, August 13,
2010<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a
href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/c/a/2010/08/13/MN0O1ET3EI.DTL&o=0"><span
style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:blue;
text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=370 height=260 id="Picture_x0020_27"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CB3AC9.CE3C31C0"
alt="http://imgs.sfgate.com/c/pictures/2010/08/13/ba-yurok13_PH2_0502087096_part6.jpg"></span></a><span
style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><img
border=0 width=17 height=10 id="Picture_x0020_28"
src="cid:image002.gif@01CB3AC9.CE3C31C0"
alt="http://imgs.sfgate.com/graphics/article/articlebox_img_bg.gif"></span><span
style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=byline><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Courtesy / Yurok Tribe<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=caption><b><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Rebecca James (right) discusses Yurok baskets with research
specialist Cara Fama at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of the
American Indian.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;
text-transform:uppercase'>Images<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a
href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/c/a/2010/08/13/MN0O1ET3EI.DTL&o=0"><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#015660;
text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=64 height=64 id="Picture_x0020_30"
src="cid:image003.gif@01CB3AC9.CE3C31C0"
alt="Rebecca James (right) discusses Yurok baskets with resear..."></span></a><a
href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/c/a/2010/08/13/MN0O1ET3EI.DTL&o=1"><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#015660;
text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=64 height=64 id="Picture_x0020_31"
src="cid:image004.gif@01CB3AC9.CE3C31C0"
alt="Ornately decorated condor feathers are part of the sacred..."></span></a><span
style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><a
href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/c/a/2010/08/13/MN0O1ET3EI.DTL&o="><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:windowtext;
text-decoration:none'><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#015660'><img border=0 width=7 height=7 id="Picture_x0020_32"
src="cid:image005.gif@01CB3AC9.CE3C31C0"
alt="http://imgs.sfgate.com/graphics/utils/plus-green.gif"></span></span><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;color:#015660;text-decoration:none'>View Larger Images</span></a>
</span><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;display:none'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";display:none'><a
href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2010/08/13/national/a054428D66.DTL"><span
style='color:#015660;text-decoration:none'>NJ's Lautenberg to hold
fundraiser with Lady Gaga</span></a> 08.13.10<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p><b><span style='color:black'><a
href="http://topics.sfgate.com/topics/Smithsonian_Institution" target="_top">The
Smithsonian Institution</a> has returned a trove of precious artifacts to the Yurok
Indians in California in what is one of the largest repatriations of Native
American ceremonial artifacts in <a
href="http://topics.sfgate.com/topics/United_States" target="_top">U.S.</a>
history. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The Yurok, who have lived for centuries along
California's <a href="http://topics.sfgate.com/topics/Klamath_River"
target="_top">Klamath River</a>, received 217 sacred items that had been stored
on museum shelves for nearly 100 years. The necklaces, headdresses, arrows,
hides and other regalia from the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American
Indian are believed to be hundreds, if not thousands, of years old. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>"It's awesome. It's a big thing with our
people," said Thomas O'Rourke, chairman of the Yurok, a tribe that lived
next to the Klamath River in far <a
href="http://topics.sfgate.com/topics/Northern_California" target="_top">Northern
California</a> for 10,000 years before Europeans arrived. "These are our
prayer items. They are not only symbols, but their spirit stays with them. They
are alive. Bringing them home is like bringing home prisoners of war."<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>To celebrate the return of the items, the Yurok
will hold a Kwom-Shlen-ik, or "Object Coming Back," ceremony today in
the town of Klamath. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The returned artifacts were sold to the museum
in the 1920s by Grace Nicholson, a renowned collector of Indian art, who owned
a curio shop in Pasadena in the early 20th century. Ceremonial Indian regalia
was in vogue among wealthy Americans at the time.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The sacred cache is part of an ongoing effort
around the country to return Native American burial artifacts, ceremonial items
and remains taken by white settlers from Indian villages and indigenous sites. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<h3><span style='color:black'>Repatriating belongings<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The 1989 National Museum of the American Indian
Act transferred stewardship of more than 800,000 Indian artifacts to the
Smithsonian and required the institute to consider repatriating them to
federally recognized tribes. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>Among the items claimed by the Yurok were
finely woven baskets, wolf headdresses, eagle and California condor feathers,
head rolls made from pileated woodpecker scalps, white deer skins, obsidian
blades and flint, all of which have been used for centuries in sacred rituals
and dances. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>"If we were to study or use scientific
methods for testing we could probably come up with some rough dates, but
generally they are made of materials that aren't readily available
anymore," said Buffy McQuillen, the repatriation coordinator for the
Yurok. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>Many of the items, for instance, are woven
together using fibers from iris, a local plant that is now rare in the area.
Also difficult, if not impossible, to find today are woodpecker scalps, condor
feathers and white deer skin, apparently from rare albino-type deer, McQuillen
said. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>"They are definitely old," she said.
"They were acquired in the early 1900s, but they were in use and practice
many years before that." <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>O'Rourke said the items will be used beginning
Aug. 27 in the tribe's White Deerskin Dance, a ceremony designed to give thanks
for what nature has provided to the people. They will also be used starting
Sept. 24 in the Jump Dance, another traditional ceremony that asks the creator
for balance and renewal. The dancers perform nine abreast in full regalia for
10 days, primarily inside a traditional redwood plank house.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><span style='font-size:9.5pt;color:black'>"We are getting (the returned
items) ready to dance. They are going to work," O'Rourke said. "It's
been a long time since they've heard their native voices and native
songs."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3><span style='color:black'>Largest tribe<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The Yurok is the largest tribe in California,
with 5,600 members. O'Rourke said most of the tribe members live within 50
miles of the reservation, which encompasses 57,000 acres, including 44 miles of
the Klamath.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>At one time there were more than 50 villages in
the tribe's ancestral territory, which covered about 500,000 acres and 50 miles
of coastline. The Yurok, who called themselves Oohl, or Indian people, were
renowned for fishing, canoe making, basket weaving, story telling and dancing. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The Yurok were first visited by the Spanish in
the 1500s and later by American fur traders and trappers, including Jedediah
Smith, who raved about the abundant wildlife in the area. In 1850, gold miners
moved in, bringing with them disease and violence. The Yurok population
declined by 75 percent, and the remaining Indians were forcibly relocated to a
reservation in 1855.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>Javier Kinney, a tribal leader who was one of
four Yurok selected to go to <a
href="http://topics.sfgate.com/topics/Washington,_D.C." target="_top">Washington,
D.C.</a>, to pick up the ceremonial regalia, said the returned items signify a
new beginning.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>"Our responsibilities are to preserve our
culture, our language and our religious beliefs not only for us, but for our
children and their children," Kinney said. "This signifies a new day
for the Yurok. We're not a people of the past that are only in history
books."<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p><b><span style='color:black'>The returned items make up 30 percent of the
National Museum's Yurok holdings. <br>
<br>
Read more: <a
href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2010/08/13/MN0O1ET3EI.DTL#ixzz0wVIoNZVW"><span
style='color:#003399'>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2010/08/13/MN0O1ET3EI.DTL#ixzz0wVIoNZVW</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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