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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Lengthy,
but of interest and significance…<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Who
owns water? Experts debate pricing, infrastructure investment<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Smart
Planet, 10/28/10<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>By
Andrew Nusca <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Does
the public own it? Does the federal government? How about private entities,
such as farmers and manufacturers?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Who
gets to foot the bill when something goes wrong — or when it’s all
gone?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Those
were the questions debated this morning at The Atlantic’s Green
Intelligence Forum 2010, where water experts weighed in on the difficulties in
framing a global water crisis.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>According
to the experts, water is certainly not free — but establishing ownership
gets tricky once you try to price it to curb excessive usage.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“On
the one hand, one can be agnostic about it, simply because it’s either a
public monopoly or private monopoly, and both of those are regulated,” said
economist and Resources for the Future fellow Sheila Olmstead. “We
can’t, on the whole, say that in many developing countries. Where
we’ve had strongly negative experiences is where the regulatory structure
is simply not [robust] enough to support that. There’s this really
important regulatory side.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Former
Arizona governor and World Wildlife Fund trustee Bruce Babbitt said the
question of who owns water isn’t nearly as important as who distributes
it.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“I
think you start off by saying, ‘Water is a public resource,’
” he said. “That is the American tradition. You can deal out the
management and use through regulations, which have an economic aspect to them.
To move toward privatization as you go down stream. It’s not about owning
the water, it’s about how you’re allocating the water, providing
the resources and providing a return.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Pacific
Institute president Peter Gleick said the costs incurred by distributing water
requires a set of laws to protect both the resource and the business.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“The
important distinction is ownership versus service,” Gleick said.
“In Islam, water is supposed to be free. But some very smart Islamic
scholars are saying, ‘Well, who’s paying for the service?’
Water should be public. Public or private, it’s a monopoly. You need efficient,
smart, non-predatory services. There are badly-run examples on both the public
and the private sides.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The
other issue is water rights, Gleick said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“I
don’t think water rights are property rights. I think they’re use
rights,” Gleick said. “In the West, this is a big debate. There are
use rights — you have the right to use based on where you are. In the
constitution of the state of California, that use is based on it being
reasonable and beneficial. If you don’t have that reason, you can’t
use it.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“So
take a farmer growing four acres. If they can grow it in three, that last acre
is not reasonable. [The issue of] rights is unresolved, and it’s wrapped
up in this public-private question.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>ITT
senior vice president Gretchen McClain said different business models and
partnerships between industry and government are the way to tackle the real
goal — reducing water usage.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Today,
we have leakage and good [money] going down the drain,” she said.
“There’s got to be incentives.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>A
PRICE ON WATER<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>To
address quality and scarcity from an economic perspective, water should have a
price, Olmstead said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“The
price of water is artificially low,” she said. “If it reflected the
opportunity cost of not leaving it in-stream and the price of getting it to
your house, it would make everything look better. And it would provide
investors with incentive for more developed technologies to improve
efficiency.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Babbitt
called the argument a “false dichotomy” and advocated for a price
on water.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Water
is a human right,” he said. “Everyone should pay something. There
should be that step toward the market — it’s a concept called
‘block rates.’ People should understand the system and pay a small
amount, and it should scale up with consumption.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Is
water ready to be bought and sold on the market? Gleick said anything deemed a
resource essential to human well-being isn’t by its very nature.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“If
water were truly a private commodity — there were markets for it —
ecosystems would be, pardon the technical term, screwed,” he said.
“They have no money. They have no standing rights. We have to figure out
how to protect these systems. It’s a public good.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>McClain
said the ownership question complicates accountability, especially with regard
to federal oversight.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“There
is different accountability — the EPA makes decisions, the Interior makes
decisions — [and] it’s very fragmented,” she said.”If
we can’t get it to where we can get alignment on that, do we ever get to
the solution we need? Look at the national infrastructure debate today —
water is not on the agenda. That to me is a huge, glaring oversight.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Public
awareness is key, McClain said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“I
still think there’s a lot to be done to stop taking water for granted,
she said. “It’s the lifeblood of our lives, of industry —
without water there’s no growth, no economic development. It’s a
global issue, but it really has a local face. Technology is out there to
address the issues. Given the market is very fragmented, we need to work
together. To make sure that the public understands the value…of
water.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>A
TECHNICAL SOLUTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>So
what’s the solution to using water more efficiently? McClain said the
technology’s already available — it’s just a matter of
inserting it into existing infrastructure.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“The
infrastructure in the U.S. is aging and it’s failing us,” she said.
“There is technology today to go into the leaks and close up the leaks,
or you can do a complete dig-up. But with technology that’s out there,
you can make the system more efficient. It’s not a lack of technology.
It’s about addressing something before it fails.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Efficient
water use “doesn’t require rocket science technology,” Gleick
said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“There
is remarkable technology that involves replacing pipes without digging up the
streets, that involves inserting pipes into pipes,” he said.
“There’s wastewater treatment technology. There’s innovative
monitoring and metering technology to understand where we have these
leaks.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>There
are remarkable changes already underway, Gleick said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“This
summer, Los Angeles used less water for everything than it used 40 years ago,
despite the growth in its population and economy,” he said. “We are
changing the dynamics already. Sometimes there’s not enough water for
everything we want to do as inefficiently as we’re using that
water.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>EXAMINING
THE REAL ‘CRISIS’<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>But
it was Babbitt who shook the foundations of the topic of discussion by saying
that the phrase “global water crisis” was merely “Leninist
history.” Calling himself a skeptic, Babbitt said the “relentless
talk” of a crisis was, in effect, scaremongering.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“There
is no lack of water on this globe,” he said. “There is not a water
supply crisis. Water is a renewable resource. There are some distributional
issues, yes. But we’re not going to make any progress into buying into
this notion.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The
real issue? Sanitation and accessibility in the developing world, he said.
Gleick agreed, but said Babbitt’s argument was based on semantics.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Water
is a huge issue. It’s connected to everything we care about,” he
said. “I believe there is a global water crisis, in different places in
different times. My issue: the failure to ensure that people have access to
clean drinking water. But there are other problems [like] climate change. Water
is connected to climate change — that’s a new challenge for the
21st century that we’re just beginning to wrap our minds around.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Water
distribution and efficiency also impacts food production, for which 80 percent
of the world’s water is used, Gleick said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Water
is a political issue — it crosses borders. We share water with Canada and
Mexico. In many parts of the world, it’s a security issue. There are
political issues with water that are not well resolved.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Citing
a survey conducted by her company, McClain said that 95 percent of voters believe
water is the most valued resource they receive — more important than
electricity. It’s why people will pay for water and the costs incurred to
distribute it, she said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Any
economy doesn’t grow unless you have power and water,” she said.
“The issue is really around clean water. We spend an awful amount of
money to make water clean. I don’t think people realize the cost of
taking water, cleaning it and delivering it to the home.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“We
lose 1.7 trillion gallons of water each year because of our aging infrastructure,
just leaking away after it’s been cleaned. That’s a huge cost to
each of us. When someone turns on the tap and they don’t have water,
that’s when we feel it.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>THE
CLIMATE CHANGE FACTOR<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>And
what of climate change? Babbitt said that “solid scientific
consensus” on the topic means that a one meter rise in sea levels is
“baked in” over the next 100 years. The problem? The nation’s
infrastructure isn’t ready for it, he said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Sea
levels in this coming century are going to rise at least one meter, which is
going to make obsolete the water and infrastructure systems of every coastal
city in this country,” he said, adding that unpredictable weather will
only magnify the lack of flexibility in existing infrastructure. “These
coastal systems are going to be useless. We must have a national policy and we
must get started soon.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Gleick
said we’re not doing enough to manage our water systems for climate
change.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“In
the Bay Area alone, there are 29 wastewater treatment plants that are at risk
of flooding from a one-foot increase,” he said. “We need to
mitigate the aspects that we can’t adapt to. That means greenhouse gases.
Three feet’s going to be tough enough. Twenty feet is
inconceivable.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>GROUNDWATER
FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The
panelists also discussed the issue of groundwater, a hidden water resource
that’s quickly being depleted by developing communities with no
alternative.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Babbitt
called the issue “important” and “complex.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“It’s
out of sight,” he said. “We don’t fish in groundwater or sail
our boat on groundwater or watch a sun set into groundwater. We must recognize
the connection between groundwater and its role and generating surface water.
The connection is an important issue. You’ve got to manage that thoughtfully
and carefully.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>In
most parts of the world, groundwater is a non-renewable resource, Babbitt said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“It
has accumulated since the Ice Ages,” he said. “It must be treated
as a finite resource. It will not be refilled in less than geological
time.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>From
a legal standpoint, groundwater is difficult to resolve, and is the “Wild
West” from a rights perspective, Olmstead said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“On
one hand, it’s take as much as you can,” she said. “On the
other hand, it’s a critical resource in many areas of the world where we
have large populations who need access to water, in part because surface
sources are so contaminated.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Gleick
said the issue calls for a technological solution.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“We
don’t monitor it, meter it, manage it,” he said. “It’s
often over-pumped. That’s unsustainable. As much as 30 or 40 percent of
the world’s food production comes from groundwater.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>CAMPAIGNING
FOR AWARENESS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>So
how will we conserve water — through economic, environmental or
sociological means? It starts with education, Gleick said.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Public
awareness is a critical piece to this,” he said. “The more we know
about water, the more we understand where it comes from.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Gleick
said the United Nations’ recent declaration of a binding human right to
water and sanitation was an example of how minds can be changed.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“We
haven’t had this for a lot of reasons. But we do now,” he said.
“It’s very explicit. It doesn’t say it has to be free, or
that it’s unlimited, but it does say that there’s a basic human
right to water and sanitation.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>McClain
agreed, saying that a recent visit to Singapore revealed that young children
are taught about their water system from a young age.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“We
do need to think about the cycle of water,” she said. “It has to be
addressed in a closed-loop cycle.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>McClain
said it’s time to start thinking about water the way space-bound
astronauts do — as a limited, finite resource that requires demand
management.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Having
been in the space business, astronauts recycle water,” she said.
“Do we have the appetite for it [on Earth]? ”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Babbitt
said he had a foolproof solution to whet America’s appetite.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>“Pricing,”
he said. “I rest my case.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>Byron
Leydecker, JcT</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>Chair, Friends
of Trinity River</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>PO Box 2327</span></i><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>Mill Valley, CA
94942-2327</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>415 383 4810
land</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:gray'>415 519 4810
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href="mailto:bleydecker@stanfordalumni.org"><span style='color:blue'>bleydecker@stanfordalumni.org</span></a>
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