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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>‘Takes me back..<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>It’s been nearly 20 years, but the late Nat Bingham and I spent nearly a year – fruitlessly - trying to promote mark-selective salmon fishing for CA by seeking a federal appropriations earmark to provide CA Fish & Game with funds for undertaking universal marking of hatchery salmon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>We successfully approached then-North Coast Congressman Dan Hamburg and had the earmark in gear before meeting with the DFG oppostion at the old NMFS Tiburon Lab. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>The DFGers brought in Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission personnel to beef up their opposition, which, if memory serves, turned on two main concerns : 1- that hooking mortality, particularly for coho, was unacceptably high; and 2- that there were too many management programs that relied on longtime series of fractional marking data to simply chuck it all for a new mark-selective fishing regime<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>As these things go, critical junctures in the federal appropriation process were missed, Nat and I had trouble figuring out what was going on with the Hamburgers, and, when we did, we found they had quietly shelved our initiative because of the DFG opposition.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Such is the stuff conservation leadership is too often made of<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>To be fair, not all the opposition came from the fish bureaucrats. Earl Carpenter of Bodega Bay was still regarded as ‘the Captain’ of CA’s commercial salmon fishing fleet and he growled ‘you’re going to be sorry as hell if you succed – you’re going to find there’s a hell of a lot more naturals out there then you think. ‘Would that it were so!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>In those days Jim Martin (cc-ed here), then ODF&W’s fisheries chief was pushing hard – and successfully - for what is now the NW’s universal hatchery marking/mark-selective salmon fishing regime<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Fishing with Jim on the Willamette last year for spring salmon (the mainstem Columbia was closed) I tied into a beauty which took me several minutes to crank up close enough to the boat to see the ad fin. It was an absolutely huge, gorgeous fish and my heart filled, frankly, for the opportunity to turn it loose, hopefully to produce more lunkers like him/her<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>I’m still wrapped around one of the assignments that the visionary Nat Bingham – who’s been gone 14 years now – gave me, and that’s boosting, however I can, genetic stock identification (see, e.g., <a href="http://www.pacificfishtrax.org/media/2pagers/Genetics%20CROOS%20Summary%201Jan10.pdf">http://www.pacificfishtrax.org/media/2pagers/Genetics%20CROOS%20Summary%201Jan10.pdf</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Hopefully, between the two technologies – mark-selective fishing and GSI – we <u>can</u> pass salmon on to the next seven generations <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Bill Kier<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:70%'><span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Kier Associates, <i>Fisheries and Watershed Professionals</i></span> <span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>P.O Box 915</span> <span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>Blue Lake, CA 95525</span> <span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>(707) 668-1822</span> <span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>Mobile: 707.498.7847 </span> <u><span style='color:blue'><br></span></u><a href="http://www.kierassociates.net/"><span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>www.kierassociates.net</span></a> <span style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>GSA Contractor GS10F0124U</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:70%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> env-trinity-bounces@velocipede.dcn.davis.ca.us [mailto:env-trinity-bounces@velocipede.dcn.davis.ca.us] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Stokely<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 27, 2012 8:22 PM<br><b>To:</b> env-trinity@velocipede.dcn.davis.ca.us<br><b>Subject:</b> [env-trinity] Fwd: CBB: Study Analyzes Benefits Of 'Mark-Selective' Fishing For Wild Salmon Populations<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>From: </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>"Sari Sommarstrom" <<a href="mailto:sari@sisqtel.net">sari@sisqtel.net</a>></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Date: </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>July 27, 2012 6:16:01 PM PDT</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>To: </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>"Trinity River e-news" <<a href="mailto:env-trinity@velocipede.dcn.davis.ca.us">env-trinity@velocipede.dcn.davis.ca.us</a>></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Cc: </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>"Tom_Stokely" <<a href="mailto:tstokely@att.net">tstokely@att.net</a>></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Subject: CBB: Study Analyzes Benefits Of 'Mark-Selective' Fishing For Wild Salmon Populations</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>THE COLUMBIA BASIN BULLETIN:</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Weekly Fish and Wildlife News<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.cbbulletin.com">www.cbbulletin.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>July 27, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Issue No. 630<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Study Analyzes Benefits Of ‘Mark-Selective’ Fishing For Wild Salmon Populations</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>A fish marking practice commonly used in Washington and Oregon could significantly increase wild salmon populations in California, while allowing continued harvest of abundant hatchery populations, according to a recent study published in Marine and Coastal Fisheries.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The article, first published June 18, is authored by Brian J. Pyper of Cramer Fish Sciences and Fish Metrics, Steven P. Cramer of Cramer Fish Sciences and Randoph P. Ericksen of Cramer Fish Sciences and the Wild Salmon Center.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>California wild chinook salmon populations, including several populations that are protected under the Endangered Species Act, have declined over the past decades. This has led to increased management restrictions on commercial and recreational fisheries, as well as increased reliance on hatchery-raised fish to support those fisheries.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>In Oregon and Washington, nearly all hatchery salmon produced for harvest receive a visible mark, while wild salmon remain unmarked and are therefore easily identified in ocean and river fisheries. When adult salmon are caught, marked hatchery salmon are kept, while unmarked wild salmon in most cases must be released back to the ocean or river.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>This practice of “mark-selective fishing” has enabled many salmon fisheries in Oregon and Washington to continue despite serious concerns for the abundance of wild salmon, according to the recently published study. As an example naturally produced fish from a total of 13 salmon and steelhead stocks originating in the Columbia River basin are protected from non-tribal harvest.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Although California has not adopted this practice, the new study suggests that mark-selective fishing could result in substantial increases in wild salmon populations while maintaining important harvest opportunities, the research paper says.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>“A harvest strategy that targets hatchery salmon over wild salmon makes sense when hatchery salmon are plentiful but are mixed with depleted wild populations” said Steve Cramer, founding scientist of the consulting firm Cramer Fish Sciences, and co-author of the publication. “If wild salmon populations in California continue to struggle and we do not find a solution that enables targeted capture of hatchery fish while allowing wild fish to escape, then it is likely that salmon fishing in California will be increasingly constrained to low levels.”<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The study used data on the actual abundance and harvest of chinook salmon in northern California’s Central Valley and the ocean off California over two decades (1988-2007) to examine how mark-selective fishing regulations would have affected harvest and spawner abundance.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The study showed that selective fishing could have, if applied to past fishing seasons, doubled the number of wild salmon in California rivers. At the same time, it would have allowed substantial harvests of hatchery fish, depending on the proportion of salmon that were of hatchery origin.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The key results of the study applied to recent years (2001-2007) in which ocean fisheries were constrained to protect weak wild populations.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>“We examined a range of plausible scenarios of fishing effort and hatchery salmon abundance,” Cramer explained. “When 60 percent or more of the salmon are from hatcheries, the mark-selective scenarios generally allowed for higher total harvests of salmon and modest increases in wild populations compared to the traditional regulations that were in place to constrain harvest and protect wild fish.”<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The study cited other research that estimated hatchery fish have composed as high as 90 percent of chinook off California in recent years.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>About 35 million juvenile chinook are released each year from Central Valley hatcheries, but most of these fish are unmarked.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>“The high cost of marking all hatchery fish, and the challenge of working out new methods to estimate catch-and-release mortality of wild salmon has hindered fisheries agencies in California from implementing mark-selective fisheries,” Cramer said. “Despite these challenges, the results of our study suggest that serious consideration and evaluation of mark-selective fisheries for California salmon are warranted.”<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The full study, “Implications of Mark-Selective Fishing for Ocean Harvests and Escapements of Sacramento River Fall Chinook Salmon Populations,” can be found here:<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19425120.2012.679575">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19425120.2012.679575</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>