<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:14pt"><div>http://www.takepart.com/article/2014/02/22/epic-california-drought-and-groundwater-how-far-have-we-come </div><div style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; "><div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; "><div class="y_msg_container"><div id="yiv6228396328"><div><div class="yiv6228396328yqt0708258520" id="yiv6228396328yqt86083"><div><blockquote type="cite"><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'bookman old style', 'new york', times, serif; "><h1 class="yiv6228396328headline" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 48px; padding-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-right: 40px; font-size: 40px !important; font-weight: normal; font-family: Georgia, 'Helvetica Neue',
HelveticaNeue, helvetica, arial, sans-serif !important; letter-spacing: -1px !important; ">Op-Ed: </h1><div class="yiv6228396328credit-bar yiv6228396328clearfix" style="zoom: 1; line-height: 18px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', HelveticaNeue, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; "><div class="yiv6228396328credit-bar-inner" style="font-size:11px;float:left;max-width:380px;"><div class="yiv6228396328credit" style="float:left;"><div class="yiv6228396328credit-text" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;"><cite class="yiv6228396328byline yiv6228396328vcard yiv6228396328top-line" style="font-style:normal;line-height:12px;">By James Famiglietti | <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://Takepart.com/">Takepart.com</a> 16 hours ago</cite><span class="yiv6228396328bottom-line" style="display:block;"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank"
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style="list-style-type:none;padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><li class="yiv6228396328save-action yiv6228396328icon-y-small yiv6228396328first" title="Save" style="list-style:none;border:1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226);float:left;cursor:pointer;height:28px;margin-left:0px;width:28px;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat;"></li><li class="yiv6228396328like-action yiv6228396328icon-like-small" title="More like this" style="padding:0px;line-height:0;width:28px;height:28px;list-style:none;border:1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226);float:left;cursor:pointer;margin-left:6px;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat;"></li><li class="yiv6228396328dislike-action yiv6228396328icon-dislike-small" title="Fewer like this" style="padding:0px;line-height:0;width:28px;height:28px;list-style:none;border:1px solid rgb(226, 226,
226);float:left;cursor:pointer;margin-left:6px;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat;"></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="yiv6228396328clearfix" style="zoom:1;"></div></div><div class="yiv6228396328body yiv6228396328yom-art-content yiv6228396328clearfix" style="zoom: 1; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', HelveticaNeue, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; "><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">Four years ago, during an interview for the world water crisis documentary <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.takepart.com/lastcall/changethecourse" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);"><i>Last Call at the Oasis</i></a>, I was blunt in my analysis of California’s
water future. “Let me be abundantly clear about this,” I told the filmmakers. “California faces a water crisis of potentially epic proportions. How we respond today will define who we are tomorrow.”</div><div class="yiv6228396328body-slot-mod" style="font-size:12px;line-height:18px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0px 0px 1.1em 10px;max-width:300px;"><div class="yiv6228396328yom-remote"><div class="yiv6228396328" id="yiv6228396328mediacontentrelatedstory_container"></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">At the time, the Golden State was at the tail end of a multiyear drought. Beginning in 2006 and continuing through 2010,<span style="background-color:rgb(253, 239, 43);"> t<span style="color:rgb(205, 35, 44);">he Sacramento and the San Joaquin river basins lost more than 30 cubic kilometers of freshwater</span></span>—nearly equivalent to the volume of Lake Mead at capacity. Two-thirds of this loss resulted from<a rel="nofollow"
shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL046442/abstract" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);">pumping groundwater from beneath the Central Valley</a> to irrigate the crops that supply our state and our nation with food.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">So, how far has the state come since 2010? Let’s just say this: My <i>Last Call</i> interview could have been recorded only yesterday.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">Fresh off one of the driest years in its history, California is <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/02/04/epic-california-drought-and-groundwater-where-do-we-go-from-here/" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);">poised to enter its next great epoch of groundwater depletion</a>. The state’s drought is worse than most if not all past ones. State Water Project and Central
Valley Project surface water
allocations have been slashed to nothing. Farmers are digging more wells. We could <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/files/2014/02/USGS-GRACE-GW.jpg" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);">easily drive our groundwater levels to historic new lows</a>, with little long-term chance for recovery.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">Even if the state legislature passes a <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-drought-20140219,0,2302688.story#axzz2ttPgAnqA" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);">$700 million drought relief package</a> proposed by Gov. Jerry Brown earlier this week, the state—as evidenced by new monitoring from NASA’s GRACE satellites—still has a long way to go to mitigate the worst effects of its prolonged drought.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">Using the satellites to monitor
monthly water levels (snow, rivers, lakes,
reservoirs, water in soils, and groundwater) in the Sacramento and San Joaquin river basins from March 2002 through December 2013, my colleagues and I at the <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.ucchm.org/" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);">University of California Center for Hydrologic Modeling</a> have discovered three alarming trends.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">First, total <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="https://webfiles.uci.edu/jfamigli/Advisory/UCCHM_Water_Advisory_1.pdf" style="text-decoration:none;color:rgb(50, 79, 225);">water storage is at </a>its lowest point since the GRACE satellites began collecting data in 2002. </div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;"><span style="background-color:rgb(253, 239, 43);"><span style="color:rgb(205, 35, 44);">Second, in the last few years, total water storage has declined by more than 25 cubic
kilometers</span>.</span> On an annual basis, that
is more water than all Californians use for domestic, municipal, and industrial needs (or all the water that is not used to grow food or to maintain environmental health).</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">Third, California is arguably in the midst of a long-term dry spell that stretches at least as long as the 12-year life span of the GRACE mission. It has been punctuated by a few wet years, such as 2006 and 2011, but are we really looking at a long, steady decline in freshwater availability?</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">For California to make true progress toward securing its water future, it must act today to actively manage groundwater. The $700 million emergency plan proposed by Governor Brown is a much needed step in the right direction, and the state legislature should enact it as soon as possible. Medium- to long-term legislation, however, must be proactive and include significant provision for drought research, including
enhanced monitoring and forecasting tools.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">It will be easy to become distracted by the good fortune of the next big snowstorm, or even by the occasional wet year.</div><div style="margin-bottom:1.1em;">We need, however, to get something done now, so that in another four years, we don’t look back and question just how far have we come.</div><div><br clear="none"></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><br clear="none"></div></div><br><br></div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>