<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:garamond, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 24px; font-family: Times; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 29px;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(173, 173, 173); font-size: 14px;">JULY 4, 2015</span><br><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 52px; font-family: Times;" class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76330"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76329">Proposed reservoirs are no panacea for drought</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">New surface storage would have added only modestly to the state’s water supply</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Real benefits of new storage are likely to come from the increased flexibility for state’s water system</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Times;" class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76318"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76317">Building drought resilience requires increased conservation, wastewater recycling, stormwater capture</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">BY JEFFREY MOUNT</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">AND ELLEN HANAK</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""><i class="">Special to The Bee</i></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times; min-height: 18px;" class=""><br><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">The acute water shortages now hitting California have prompted many in Congress and the state Legislature to call for new surface reservoirs to reduce the impacts of future droughts.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Some have even blamed the lack of reservoir development as a primary cause of water scarcity during the current drought.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">GALLERY SLIDES</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times; min-height: 18px;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">The reality is that new surface storage would have added only modestly to the state’s water supply. We’d still be in the midst of a severe drought. Building drought resilience requires a much broader set of actions, including conservation, water trading, managing groundwater and expanding nontraditional supplies like recycled wastewater and stormwater.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Following the 1987-92 drought, urban water agencies invested heavily in surface and groundwater storage. These investments have paid dividends during this drought, greatly reducing water shortages in the state’s major cities. But few investments were made to increase water reliability for agriculture and the environment, and these two sectors have been hit particularly hard.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Last November voters approved Proposition 1, which allocated $2.7 billion in bonds for water storage. The bond requires that its funds provide public benefits, including improved environmental conditions. The California Water Commission can allocate those funds to surface or groundwater storage projects.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Although planners are examining a wide range of options, most attention has been focused on two proposed surface reservoirs: Sites, on the west side of the Sacramento Valley, and Temperance Flat, upstream on the San Joaquin River.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">In total, these two projects would create about 2.6 million acre-feet of new storage capacity – nearly a 7 percent increase in statewide capacity – at an estimated cost of roughly $6.5 billion.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">However, increases in storage capacity do not translate to equivalent increases in supply, because reservoirs can’t always be kept full. The <a href="http://www.usbr.gov/mp/sccao/storage/docs/index.html" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class="">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation</span></a> and the <a href="http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/northdelta/" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class="">California Department of Water Resources</span></a> estimate that these projects would increase dry-year supply for agricultural and urban uses by up to 380,000 acre-feet per year, and less as droughts wear on. Sites, the larger reservoir, would be refilled with Sacramento River water only during wet periods, so it will not yield much water during prolonged droughts.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Recent studies from UC Davis help put this in context. <a href="http://californiawaterblog.com/2015/06/02/harsher-drought-impacts-forecast-for-california-agriculture/" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class="">This year</span></a> and <a href="http://californiawaterblog.com/2014/07/15/weathering-the-drought-by-drawing-down-the-bank/" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class="">last</span></a>, Central Valley farmers will have received 15 million acre-feet less surface water than in average years. They are pumping extra groundwater to make up for the loss – a source of great concern given falling water tables and sinking lands.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">What if Sites and Temperance Flat reservoirs had been built before this drought? On the optimistic assumption that they made an additional 380,000 acre-feet of water available in 2014 and 2015, surface water deliveries would have increased by 5 percent – in the grand scheme of things, a drop in the bucket.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">The bottom line? New surface storage would have been helpful during this drought, but not nearly to the extent people imagine.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Rather, the real benefits of new storage are likely to come from the increased flexibility it provides to our overall water system – by increasing our ability to store water from wet years in groundwater basins, strengthening our capacity to manage floods and improving environmental conditions in our troubled watersheds. To qualify for state matching funds, the California water commissioners have said they expect storage proposals to take this system-level, multibenefit approach.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class="">Officials are understandably attracted to big infrastructure approaches to solving water supply problems. And in some cases, big projects are necessary. But to improve our ability to weather droughts, California needs to take actions along a number of fronts. Storage should be part of that portfolio, but it’s not a panacea.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Times;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px; color: #0c76ba" class=""><a href="http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=356" class=""><i class="">Jeffrey Mount</i></a></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""><i class=""> is a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. </i><a href="http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=72" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class=""><i class="">Ellen Hanak</i></span></a><i class=""> is director of PPIC’s Water Policy Center.</i></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""><a href="http://www.mcclatchyreprints.com/" class="">reprints<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(12, 118, 186);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times; min-height: 18px;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Times; min-height: 18px;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 16px;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div>
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-family: Helvetica;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76148" dir="ltr" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76147" class="">Read more here: <a href="http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article25812187.html#storylink=cpy" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1436151160548_76144">Proposed reservoirs are no panacea for drought</a></span></div><div style="width:450px; font-family: 'Georgia', 'Times', 'Times New Roman', 'serif';margin-top:5px; margin-bottom: 5px; background-color: #ffffff;" contenteditable="false" id="enhancrCard_0" class="link-enhancr-attachment link-enhancr-element "><table class="link-enhancr-element" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:450px; height:170px; position: relative; display: block;"><tbody><tr class="link-enhancr-element"><td class="link-enhancr-element" colspan="8" style="height: 1px; background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 1px; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="link-enhancr-element" style="height: 1px; 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background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 20pt;"> </div></td><td class="link-enhancr-element" rowspan="5" width="1" style="width: 1px; background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 1pt; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="link-enhancr-element" style="width: 1px; background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 1pt;"> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="link-enhancr-element" colspan="2" style="width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; font-family: 'Georgia', 'Times', 'Times New Roman', 'serif';"><div class="link-enhancr-text-part link-enhancr-element" style="line-height:16.5px; background-color: #ffffff; height: 135px; width: 245px;"><div class="link-enhancr-element" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"><span class="link-enhancr-element icon icon-shrink link-enhancr-toggle"></span><span class="link-enhancr-element icon icon-close link-enhancr-delete"></span><a href="http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article25812187.html#storylink=cpy" class="link-enhancr-card-urlWrapper link-enhancr-element" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 100%; font-size: 18px; display: block;"><span class="link-enhancr-element link-enhancr-card-title" style="margin: 0; font-weight: normal;margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px; max-height: 43px; color: #000000; overflow: hidden !important; display: inline-block;">Proposed reservoirs are no panacea for drought</span></a><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; color: #999999; max-height: 81px; font-family: 'Georgia', 'Times', 'Times New Roman', 'serif';overflow: hidden;" class="link-enhancr-card-description link-enhancr-element">The acute water shortages now hitting California have prompted many in Congress and the state Legislature to call for new surface reservoirs to reduce the impacts o...</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="link-enhancr-element" style="height: 4px; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 0pt; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="link-enhancr-element" style="height: 4px; background-color: #ffffff; 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