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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#222222'><a href="http://www.independentnews.com/news/project-to-study-climate-effects-on-california-water-systems-from/article_eced7624-f678-11e7-a8b7-b31bbeebf29e.html">www.independentnews.com/news/project-to-study-climate-effects-on-california-water-systems-from/article_eced7624-f678-11e7-a8b7-b31bbeebf29e.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><b><span style='font-size:22.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#222222'>Project to Study Climate Effects on California Water Systems from Headwaters to Groundwater</span></b><span style='font-size:22.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#666666'>Posted: Thursday, January 11, 2018 12:00 am <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>To address future climate change effects on water resources, scientists at five UC campuses, and Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories will study California’s water systems, from the headwaters in the Sierra Nevada, through rivers, reservoirs and groundwater in the Central Valley.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>The goal is to provide information to optimize water storage, quality and groundwater sustainability.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>The “Headwaters to groundwater resources in a changing climate” project recently received a 2018 Collaborative Research and Training Award from the UC Laboratory Fees Research Program.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>The project will allow scientists to examine hydrologic sensitivities of California headwaters and agricultural demand and will consider plausible societal adaptations. The team will use information in the historical record and its interaction with physical characteristics of the basins and strategies for water management as precipitation varies, temperatures warm and population grows.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Ate Visser, LLNL’s lead on the project, stated, “The structure of California’s water system, both natural and man-made, shapes current and future management and adaptation options to climate change and to the increasing demand from a growing population.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Four river systems across gradients of precipitation, geology and populations will be under investigation: <b>Shasta River in the north</b>, American and Cosumnes rivers in central California and Kings river in the south. These river basins span a range of different characteristics in terms of temperature, precipitation, underlying geology, vegetation and ecosystems, land management, groundwater resources and economic development.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>The research will address six key uncertainties and uncertain responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>• Trends and variability in a future that likely experiences a greater fraction of precipitation as rain instead of snow, earlier snowmelt and higher rates of evapotranspiration.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>• Response of ecosystems to changing quantity and timing of water supply, and feedback on precipitation, evapotranspiration and the overall water balance.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>• Response of headwater catchments and uncertainty in future river discharge characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>• Storage and use of water in the subsurface, considering efficiency of storage and recharge and energy requirements for recovery.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>• Responses of water and agricultural management agencies and other institutions to changing supply and demand, including management of water markets to both agricultural and urban users.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:11.0pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>• Resolution of the effect of uncertainties themselves on abilities to manage water for multiple objectives and adaptation to changes in supply and demand.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>