<html><head></head><body><div class="ydpedab060eyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:garamond, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div><div><a href="https://www.times-standard.com/2019/01/22/ets-l-salmonsaver-0123/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="">https://www.times-standard.com/2019/01/22/ets-l-salmonsaver-0123/</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><div><span><div class="ydp357dd5b4header-title-area" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; z-index: 1;"><div class="ydp357dd5b4headline-area" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; width: 1280px;"><div class="ydp357dd5b4headlines" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h1 class="ydp357dd5b4entry-title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.26667em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Lora, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: -0.03em; width: 1280px; clear: both;"><span class="ydp357dd5b4dfm-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">New research is rewriting the history of Klamath-Trinity Chinook Salmon </span></h1><h2 class="ydp357dd5b4subheadline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Lora, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.4375em; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.3; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(72, 70, 66); letter-spacing: -0.023em;">‘Run time gene’ upends historical narrative of spring vs fall runs</h2></div></div><div class="ydp357dd5b4article-share" style="margin: 0px; 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border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydp357dd5b4article-content-wrapper" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydp357dd5b4header-features ydp357dd5b4default" style="margin: 0px; padding: 3em 0px 2em; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 954.875px;"><div class="ydp357dd5b4image-wrapper" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; position: relative; width: 954.875px;"><img alt="" title="" class="ydp357dd5b4size-article_feature ydp357dd5b4lazyautosizes ydp357dd5b4lazyloaded" data-sizes="auto" data-src="https://www.times-standard.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/0123_NWS_ETS-L-SalmonSaver.jpg?w=525" data-srcset="https://www.times-standard.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/0123_NWS_ETS-L-SalmonSaver.jpg?w=525 620w,https://www.times-standard.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/0123_NWS_ETS-L-SalmonSaver.jpg?w=620 780w,https://www.times-standard.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/0123_NWS_ETS-L-SalmonSaver.jpg?w=620 1020w,https://www.times-standard.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/0123_NWS_ETS-L-SalmonSaver.jpg?w=620 940w" src="https://www.times-standard.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/0123_NWS_ETS-L-SalmonSaver.jpg?w=525" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; max-width: 100%; position: relative; width: 954.875px;" draggable="false"></div>Spring-run Chinook salmon swim in the south fork gorge of the Salmon River in this 2009 photo. (Mike Bravo– contributed)<div class="ydp357dd5b4meta" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(200, 196, 192); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; width: 954.875px;"><a href="https://www.times-standard.com/2019/01/22/ets-l-salmonsaver-0123/#comments" class="ydp357dd5b4comments-link" style="margin: 0.3125em 0px 0px; padding: 0.8125em 1.0625em; border: 1px solid rgb(50, 64, 143); font-family: Lato, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.15385; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(63, 81, 181); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase; float: right;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span class="ydp357dd5b4dsq-postid" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydp357dd5b4icon-comment" style="margin: 0px 0.4375em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: icomoon; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: none;"></span></span></a><div class="ydp357dd5b4byline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Lato, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9375em; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.71429; vertical-align: baseline;">By <a href="https://www.times-standard.com/author/philip-santos/" title="Posts by Philip Santos" class="ydp357dd5b4author-name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.7; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(63, 81, 181); text-transform: uppercase;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PHILIP SANTOS</a> | <a href="mailto:psantos@times-standard.com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">psantos@times-standard.com</a> | </div><div class="ydp357dd5b4time" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Lato, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: baseline;">PUBLISHED: January 22, 2019 at 9:40 pm | UPDATED: January 22, 2019 at 9:41 pm</div></div></div><div class="ydp357dd5b4article-body" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydp357dd5b4body-copy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Lato, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.03125em; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.63636; vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: -0.01em;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Recent research has identified a genetic variation in Klamath-Trinity spring-run Chinook salmon which is upending prevailing scientific narratives about the fish.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Scientists are calling it the “run time gene,” as it appears to be the factor which controls whether the salmon will migrate in the spring, or fall. The research, spearheaded by Daniel Prince and Michael Miller of UC Davis, is being utilized by the Karuk Tribe and the Salmon River Restoration Council in a renewed effort to list the Spring Chinook Salmon under the state’s Endangered Species Act. Craig Tucker, a natural resources consultant for the Karuk Tribe, said the finding may positively impact the chances for success.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Spring Chinook migrate early in the year, meaning they require habitats with cold water to spend the summer layover period until spawning season in the fall. This has made them particularly vulnerable to the dams on the Klamath River, which have severely reduced suitable areas for the Spring Chinook. There are only two main areas where Spring Chinook can be found, Tucker said.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">“Spring Chinook used to number in the hundreds of thousands every year,” he said. “Today, it’s in the hundreds of fish — we actually count them by hand.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Despite dwindling numbers, previous attempts to list the Spring Chinook under the state’s ESA have been denied in part due to the genetic similarities of fall and spring Chinook.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">“Miller’s work is rewriting what we know about evolutionary history of salmon,” Tucker said. “The prevailing view was that a subset of fall run salmon formed the spring run trait, which suggested that if you killed the spring run salmon, they would eventually reproduce from the fall run.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">In essence, the fall run of Chinook salmon were viewed as a fallback if the spring run population were to disappear because it was believed that Spring Chinook evolved from Fall Chinook in every river, said Tasha Thompson, one of the researchers involved in the findings.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">“The divergence is obviously ancient,” Thompson said. “Finding the spring run gene arose from a single evolutionary event means that if (Spring Chinook) are lost, we can’t expect them to just evolve (from the fall run Chinook).”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The idea that the Spring Chinook is distinctly different from its fall run counterpart may be catching on in the world of western science, but it’s nothing new to the Karuk Tribe. In a recent article published by <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/05/salmon-spawn-fierce-debate-over-protecting-endangered-species-thanks-single-gene" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(63, 81, 181); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(63, 81, 181);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Science Magazine</a>, Leaf Hillman, who is described as “a ceremonial leader of California’s Karuk Tribe,” said the recent revelation has long been common knowledge.</p><div id="ydp357dd5b4div-gpt-ad-Cube_Article" class="ydp357dd5b4dfp-ad ydp357dd5b4dfp-Cube_Article" data-ad-unit="Cube_Article" data-google-query-id="COnVycajhOACFQvewAodzK0CPQ" style="margin: 0px auto 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; text-align: center;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 710.375px;"></div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">“This is what we’ve always known,” he said, “that the Spring Chinook is not the same animal as the fall Chinook.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Karuna Greenberg, restoration director at the Salmon River Restoration Council, said previous management efforts have failed to benefit Spring Chinook, stating that the danger of permanent loss of the Spring Chinook is a real threat.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">“There are lots of reasons why Spring Chinook need to get the protection, and funding (for restoration work) that listing would allow,” she said. “I’m really happy to be a part of this … SRRC was really formed around Spring Chinook.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Various organizations are urging the public to submit written comments to the California Fish and Game Commission by 5 p.m. on Jan. 24 by mail or email at fgc@fgc.ca.gov. The California Fish and Game Commission will then be holding a hearing on Feb. 6 in Sacramento to discuss the petition.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">“It’s critical to act now and save this important fish,” Greenburg said. “We’re trying to do everything we can.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Philip Santos can be reached at 707-441-0506.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></body></html>