<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"><head><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><o:OfficeDocumentSettings><o:AllowPNG/><o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch></o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--></head><body><div class="ydp45106e26yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:garamond, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">The Trinity River was dammed to irrigate the San Luis Unit of the CVP (Westlands, Panoche, Pacheco and San Luis water districts) in order to reduce groundwater overdraft. The ultimate result has been to INCREASE groundwater overdraft.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">TS</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/water-myths-of-the-san-joaquin-valley/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="">https://thevalleycitizen.com/water-myths-of-the-san-joaquin-valley/</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;">THE VALLEY CITIZEN</span></a></span></b><br></div><div><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115site-description" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">NATURE, ENVIRONMENT, HISTORY & POLITICS</span></p><h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 33pt; font-family: New serif; color: rgb(13, 59, 113); text-transform: uppercase;"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(13, 59, 113);">THE VALLEY CITIZEN</span></a></span></h1><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><b> </b></p><h1 style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Raleway;">Water Myths of the San Joaquin Valley</span></h1><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115entry-meta" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); text-transform: uppercase;">SEPTEMBER 16, 2019 BY <span class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115entry-author"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/author/thev3848/" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_9164672138"><span class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115entry-author-name"><span style="color: red; text-decoration: none;">ERIC CAINE</span></span></a></span></span></p><div><br></div><div id="ydpb72da757enhancr_card_9164672138" class="ydpb72da757yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydpb72da757ymail-preserve-class ydpb72da757ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="https://thevalleycitizen.com/author/thev3848/" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/author/thev3848/" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydpb72da757yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydpb72da757card-wrapper ydpb72da757yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydpb72da757card ydpb72da757yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpb72da757card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/hwRQw2QDQyd3euQrll65Sw--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/sj-river-is-wet-150x150.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-size: cover; position: relative; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/hwRQw2QDQyd3euQrll65Sw--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/sj-river-is-wet-150x150.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydpb72da757card-overlay-container-table ydpb72da757yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpb72da757card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydpb72da757yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%; min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpb72da757card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydpb72da757card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydpb72da757card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydpb72da757card-info ydpb72da757yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydpb72da757card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42);">Eric Caine</h2><p class="ydpb72da757card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);"></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div> <p></p><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Joe-Poland-subsidence.jpg" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: red; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" id="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:oSCi5udJNTlfy7YjRQRV" alt="https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Joe-Poland-subsidence-300x225.jpg" style="width: 300px; max-width: 300px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class="" data-id="1568737246752"></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"></span></p><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"> </span></p><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Subsidence</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Among the more persistent myths about water in the San Joaquin Valley, none is more durable than the canard that water shortages and land subsidence have been caused by, “an innumerable myriad of Endangered Species Act-related laws, mandates, opinions, rulings and settlements.” This latest addition to the catalogue of misinformation comes from <a href="https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article234973722.html" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_8783041538"><span style="color: red;">Kristi Diener, in an OP/ED for the </span><em><span style="color: red; text-decoration: none;">Modesto and Fresno Bee</span></em></a> newspapers.</span></p><div><br></div><div id="ydpcd1f37a6enhancr_card_8783041538" class="ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydpcd1f37a6ymail-preserve-class ydpcd1f37a6ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article234973722.html" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article234973722.html" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydpcd1f37a6card-wrapper ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydpcd1f37a6card ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpcd1f37a6card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/qveWkN5gq1Q57fxKhqc8Vg--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/aygckd/picture234925267/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1140/friant%20k.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-size: cover; position: relative; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/qveWkN5gq1Q57fxKhqc8Vg--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/aygckd/picture234925267/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1140/friant%20k.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydpcd1f37a6card-overlay-container-table ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpcd1f37a6card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%; min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpcd1f37a6card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydpcd1f37a6card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydpcd1f37a6card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydpcd1f37a6card-info ydpcd1f37a6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydpcd1f37a6card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42);">Farmers are not to blame for Valley subsidence, but they can help solve ...</h2><p class="ydpcd1f37a6card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">In a Fresno Bee commentary, Kristi Diener writes that farmers are wrongly blamed for causing subsidence. Rather,...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><p></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Diener, like everyone else who attempts to blame water shortages and subsidence on a “regulatory drought” runs into a logical <em>cul-de-sac </em>when she has to admit that “subsidence did not begin in 2014’s drought. It was an issue at least a century before.”</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">But if, as Diener says, environmental regulations are just a little over “two-and-a-half decades” in effect, what could have caused subsidence prior to the punitive effects of regulation?</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">The answer is simple: Overdrafting groundwater caused the subsidence. Who overdrafted the groundwater? Farmers and ranchers. Nothing complex here, but apologists for overuse of public resources really don’t like simple and obvious answers— that’s why they’re always trying to find ways around them.</span></p><p class="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/sj-river-is-wet.jpg" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: red; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" id="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:paED0k9X77RuJfyoLbzv" alt="https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/sj-river-is-wet-1024x768.jpg" style="width: 100%; max-width: 800px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class=""></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">San Joaquin River: water by court order; photo by Josh Uecker</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Diener rightly argues that using surface water is far preferable to pumping groundwater, but wrongly concludes that reductions in surface water allocations for Valley farmers have left farmers with no choice but to pump groundwater. Fact is, farmers in the southern San Joaquin Valley have been overdrafting groundwater since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare_Lake" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_9080652822"><span style="color: red;">they drained Tulare Lake</span></a>, at one time the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi—they’ve been overdrafting groundwater since they used up the Kern and San Joaquin Rivers decades ago.</span></p><div><br></div><div id="ydp221a2964enhancr_card_9080652822" class="ydp221a2964yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp221a2964ymail-preserve-class ydp221a2964ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare_Lake" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare_Lake" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydp221a2964yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp221a2964card-wrapper ydp221a2964yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp221a2964card ydp221a2964yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp221a2964card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/nNz9pvNdNqLQKRmkrx05vg--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tularebasinmapnew-01.png/1200px-Tularebasinmapnew-01.png.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-size: cover; position: relative; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/nNz9pvNdNqLQKRmkrx05vg--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tularebasinmapnew-01.png/1200px-Tularebasinmapnew-01.png.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp221a2964card-overlay-container-table ydp221a2964yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp221a2964card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp221a2964yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%; min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp221a2964card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydp221a2964card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydp221a2964card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp221a2964card-info ydp221a2964yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp221a2964card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42);">Tulare Lake</h2><p class="ydp221a2964card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">The lake was named for the tule rush (Schoenoplectus acutus) that lined the marshes and sloughs of its shores. ...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><p></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Diener writes that reduced allocations have been due to regulatory barriers without pointing out the allocations to farmers from the Central Valley Project and State Water project are based on <strong>contractual rights.</strong></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Contractual rights, also known as, “paper water,” are distinguished from “appropriative rights,” which are rights bestowed by the state decades back in the 20</span><sup><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">th</span></sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"> century. <a href="https://aic.ucdavis.edu/events/outlook05/Sawyer_primer.pdf" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Appropriative rights</span></a>, most often designated as pre- or post-1914, carry far more legal authority than contractual rights because the contractual rights specify that allocations are based on yearly abundance and the state or federal government’s discretion.</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Anyone with even a cursory knowledge of the history of irrigated agriculture in the San Joaquin Valley is familiar with the iconic photograph of USGS scientist Joe Poland showing the degree of land subsidence near Mendota from 1925 to 1977, well before effects from the Endangered Species Act could have affected water use in the Valley.</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Diener claims that without water from northern California, farmers have been “forced” to pump groundwater. Fact is, they were “forced” to pump groundwater well before they started begging state and federal governments for even more water from up north, though “forced” is hardly an appropriate term when discussing the calculated risks all businesspeople must make before investing time and money.</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Diverting water from the Central Valley’s major rivers, especially the Sacramento and San Joaquin, has wreaked environmental destruction in the San Joaquin Delta, decimated salmon runs, negatively impacted California fisheries, and had devastating effects on wetlands and wildlife throughout the Valley. In many places, intensive irrigation has also poisoned the soil, most notably in the <a href="https://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/volumes/22/2/articles/garone.pdf" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">scandalous case of the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge</span></a>.</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><a href="https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Arax-crop.jpg" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: red; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" id="ydp3297391fyiv1371957115Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:EeCUbEFGdHiRmnz1TxB2" alt="https://thevalleycitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Arax-crop-210x300.jpg" style="width: 210px; max-width: 210px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class="" data-id="1568737246752"></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">According to Mark Arax in <em>The Dreamt Land, </em>farmers have increased irrigated acreage during every drought since the 1920s. Even during the drought of 2014-15, agribusinesses like Kern County’s Paramount Farms <a href="https://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2015/04/22/well-connected-billionaire-expands-almond-acreage-as-cities-forced-to-slash-water-use" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">added over 70,000 acres of farmland</span></a> to their already extensive holdings of pistachios, almonds and walnuts.</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Adding acres of farmland and then begging the government for a water fix isn’t much different from speculating on a widget boom and then asking the government to buy up your overproduction. No one has ever forced farmers to pump groundwater. Instead, they’ve kept adding irrigated acreage whenever they could because they figured they could count on government bailing them out.</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 19.5pt; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">It’s almost as though they think we’re a socialist economy.</span></p><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Raleway; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br></span></div></div><div><br></div><div class="ydp45106e26signature">Tom Stokely <div>Salmon and Water Policy Consultant</div><div>530-524-0315 </div><div>tstokely@att.net </div><div><br></div></div></div></body></html>